Cirrhosis is the destruction of normal liver tissue that left scar tissue that does not work in the surrounding liver tissue that is still functioning.
CAUSE
Diseases that cause liver damage will result in cirrhosis. In the U.S., the most common cause is alcohol abuse. At USIS 45-65 years, cirrhosis is the third leading cause of death, after heart disease and cancer. In some countries of Asia and Africa, a major cause of cirrhosis is chronic hepatitis.
The cause of cirrhosis is:
Alcohol abuse
Use of certain drugs
Exposure to certain chemicals
Infection (including hepatitis B and hepatitis C)
Autoimmune diseases (including chronic autoimmune hepatitis)
Bile duct obstruction
Persistent blockage in blood flow from the liver (eg Budd-Chiari syndrome)
Disorders of the heart and blood vessels
Deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin
High levels of galactose in the blood
High tyrosine levels in the blood at birth (tirosinosis kongenitalis)
Diseases of glycogen accumulation
Diabetes (diabetes)
Malnutrition
Excessive accumulation of copper congenital (Wilson disease)
Excess iron (haemochromatosis).
SYMPTOMS
Some patients with mild cirrhosis have no symptoms and appear healthy for many years. Other patients experienced loss of appetite, weight loss and feeling sick. If bile flow is blocked for many years, there could be jaundice (jaundice), itching and small nodules arising in the skin is yellow, especially around the eyelids.
Malnutrition is common due to poor appetite and impaired absorption of fats and vitamins that are fat soluble, which is caused by reduced production of bile salts.
It sometimes happens coughing up blood or vomit blood because of bleeding from varicose veins in the lower end of the esophagus (esophageal varices). Dilation of blood vessels is a result of the high pressure in the venous blood from the intestines that leads to the liver. High blood pressure is called portal hypertension, which together with poor liver function, can also cause accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites). Can also occur renal failure and hepatic encephalopathy.
The symptoms of other liver diseases can occur, such as:
- Muscle weakness
- Redness of the palms (palmar erythema)
- Fingers curved upward (palms Dupuytren contracture)
- Small veins that provide a picture like a spider
- Breast enlargement in men (gynecomastia)
- Salivary gland enlargement in cheeks
- Hair loss
- Shrink the testicles (testicular atrophy)
- Abnormal nerve function (peripheral neuropathy).
Diagnosis
Ultrasound may reveal enlarged liver. Scanning liver using radioactive isotopes show a still picture of the liver function and liver area that has become scar tissue. Definitive diagnosis is made based on microscopic examination of liver tissue (biopsy).
TREATMENT
Treatment for cirrhosis of the form:
eliminate sources of toxins (eg alcohol)
proper food intake, including vitamin supplements
treatment of complications.
Effective liver transplant performed in patients who have developed the Cirrhosis. But if people continue to consume alcohol or if the cause can not be resolved, then the hearts were transplanted in the end may also have cirrhosis.
Prognosis
Cirrhosis is growing very fast. If patients with alcoholic cirrhosis early immediately stop consuming alcohol, the formation of scar tissue in the liver will usually stop, but the scar tissue that forms will persist. In general, the prognosis is worse in case of serious complications, such as vomiting blood, ascites, or abnormal brain function.
Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) are more common in patients with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C, iron overload (haemochromatosis) and accumulation of glycogen disease of long standing. Liver cancer can also occur in patients with cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse.
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