Asiklofir poorly soluble in water, and has a low bioavailability (10-20%) when used orally. Therefore, if the desired high concentration of acyclovir, intravenous injections can be administered to the patient. Moreover, it can also be given valaciclovir who have better bioavailability, which is 55%. Valaciclovir this will be converted to acyclovir in the liver.
This medicine is available on the market in the form of tablets, intravenous injection, topical creams, and eye ointment. Dosage form of a cream used to treat herpes on labia, while herpes that attacks the eyes can be treated with acyclovir dosage forms of eye ointment.
Side effects of acyclovir taken orally and injection include dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and reaction at the injection site. Had also reported the existence of acyclovir kidney damage when used in intravenous injection in large doses, due to the formation of acyclovir crystals in the kidney.
When used topically (topical), side effects that usually happens is that the skin feels dry and burning. Meanwhile, when used on the eyes, some patients will experience discomfort in the eye.
Because acyclovir works by affecting the cell's DNA, then its use should be avoided during pregnancy. Acute toxicity (LD50) of acyclovir for more than 1 g / kg, this is caused by the low oral bioavailability of this drug.
Mechanism of action of acyclovir based on the inhibition of viral DNA polymerase enzyme. Immediately converted to acyclovir-guanosine monophosphate asiklo by the enzyme thymidine kinase virus, then changed again to asiklo-guanosine triphosphate (GTP-asiklo). Asiklo-GTP join the viral DNA that would lead to cessation of activity of the enzyme DNA polymerase.
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