What is Carcinogens ?

Carcinogens are substances that can trigger cancer or malignancy. Carcinogens can affect DNA or a protein that plays a role in regulation of cell division cycle, such as the protooncogene or tumor supressorgene. In general, carcinogens can be divided into three groups, namely chemicals, radiation, and viruses. These three groups are always there in nature, and is expected to experience a sharp increase in line with the development of human culture or behavior.

Materials Chemistry
Cancer is a mysterious disease because the cause is not known with certainty. However, in 1908 the disease began to be studied because it was reported that the incidence of cancer is very high in the chemical industry workers, but at the time was not yet known clearly the relationship between the chemical-mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. In the course of time bare in mind that the chemicals can trigger the occurrence of a malignancy because it can cause mutations in DNA. The occurrence of malignant disease are grouped into two phases, namely initiation phase and promotion phase. This can be explained if the material is carcinogenic enters the body, then in the body of this material directly experience the process of detoxification for later excreted. In addition, these carcinogens are metabolized in the body first. Then, the subsequent metabolism is detoxified and excreted. If this process can not be done by the body, then the metabolites of these carcinogens will hold a bond with the DNA chain, so that the DNA into the defect (defect). As a result of the disability of DNA, the body attempts to repair the DNA, known as DNA repair. When DNA repair is not successful, the relevant cells (cells that have abnormal DNA) will be executed or destroyed. If the execution is not able to be done by the body, then the cell has DNA that is permanently disabled. This condition is known as the initiation phase. Furthermore, cells that have DNA defects would be experiencing the proliferation and differentiation, and develop into malignant (malignant). This condition is known as the promotion phase.
Some examples of chemicals that work directly trigger the occurrence of cancer (Direct-Acting Carcinogenesis) are as follows:
1. Alkylating Agents:
a. dimethyl sulfate;
b. li-Propiolactotte;
c. ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS).

2. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and heterocyclic:
a. benz (a) anthracene;
b. benzo (a) pyrene;
c. dibenz (a, h) anthracerie.

3. Aromatic Amines:
a. Naphtylamine 2-(p-naphthylanzine);
b. benzidine;
c. dimethylarninoazobenzene.

Basically the majority of which are carcinogenic chemicals have properties that equally, that triggers the occurrence of a gene mutation. Therefore, in this book will be explained about one saw the chemicals that are as alkylating agents, meaning that if individuals exposed to these chemicals, then dart cell DNA in the individual concerned will experience "Alkylation" in which methylation occurs at base pair nukleotida Guanine methylation-that is experiencing a 06-methyl guanine or a bulky group Addition.