Symptoms of Dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is pain or discomfort in upper abdomen or chest, which is often perceived as a gas, a feeling of fullness or pain or burning sensation in the stomach.


CAUSE
Causes of Dyspepsia is:

1. Swallowing air (aerofagi)
2. Regurgitation (back flow, reflux) of stomach acid
3. Irritation of the stomach (gastritis)
4. Gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer
5. Gastric cancer
6. Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)
7. Lactose intolerance (inability to digest milk and its products)
8. Abnormalities of bowel movements
9. Anxiety or depression


SYMPTOMS
Pain and discomfort in upper abdomen or chest may be accompanied by belching and loud intestinal sounds (borborigmi). In some patients, eating can exacerbate pain; on another patient, a meal may reduce pain. Other symptoms include decreased appetite, nausea, constipation, diarrhea and flatulence (stomach bloating).


Diagnosis
If dyspepsia persists for more than a few weeks, or give no response to treatment, or following by weight loss or other unusual symptoms, the patient must undergo examination. Laboratory tests usually include blood cell counts and complete blood in the stool.

Barium enema to examine the esophagus, stomach or small intestine can be performed on people who have difficulty swallowing or vomiting, weight loss or pain that improves or worsens with eating.

Endoscopy can be used to examine the esophagus, stomach or small intestine and to obtain tissue samples for biopsy of the stomach lining. Examples are then examined under a microscope to determine whether gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori. Sometimes performed other tests, such as the measurement of esophageal contractions of the esophagus or the response to acids.


TREATMENT
If no cause is found, the doctor will treat the symptoms. Antacids or H2 inhibitors such as cimetidine, ranitidine or famotidine can be tried for a brief period. If the person is infected Helicobacter pylori in the stomach lining, it is usually given subsalisilate bismuth and antibiotics such as amoxicillin or metronidazole.