What is Non-typhoid Salmonella infection ?

Non-typhoid Salmonella infection is an infection caused by Salmonella bacteria that do not cause typhoid fever.


CAUSE
Salmonella bacteria. There are 2200 types of Salmonella, including the type that causes typhoid fever. Each type can cause indigestion, enteric fever and certain infections are localized.

Salmonella found in infected meat, poultry, raw milk, eggs and processed eggs. Salmonella can also be found in reptiles that are kept, or scarlet dye-contaminated marijuana.


SYMPTOMS
Salmonella infections can cause gastrointestinal or enteric fever-sometimes the infection is only about a certain part. Some infected people may not have symptoms, but they act as a career (carriers) of this bacterium.

Gastrointestinal disorders usually begin to appear within 12-48 hours after infection with Salmonella bacteria. Early symptoms include nausea and cramping abdominal pain that was soon followed by diarrhea, fever, and sometimes vomiting. Usually the diarrhea is very watery, but sometimes can be a semi-solid stool. This disorder is usually mild and lasts 1-4 days, but can last much longer. The diagnosis is strengthened by cultivating the bacteria in stool samples or rectal swabs of patients.

Enteric fever occurs when Salmonella enter the blood. Fever caused tremendous fatigue. Bacteria can live and multiply in the digestive tract, blood vessels, heart valves, the lining of the brain and spinal cord, lungs, joints, bones, urinary tract, muscles or other organs. Sometimes bacteria infect the tumor, thus forming an abscess which in turn can cause blood infections.

A career (carriers) do not show symptoms but will continue to release the bacteria in the stool. Less than 1% of patients who then become carriers of the bacteria for a year or more.


Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on symptoms and confirmed by the discovery of bacteria in cultures derived from stool samples or rectal swabs of patients.


TREATMENT
Diiobati with gastrointestinal fluids and soft food. Antibiotics would extend the expenditure of bacteria in the stool so it is not advisable given to people who have gastrointestinal complaints. But baby, hospital staff, and patients with HIV infection treated with antibiotics because they are at high risk for complications. In carriers of bacteria that do not show symptoms, the infection can usually resolve themselves and rarely need antibiotics.

If needed antibiotics, which effectively is ampicillin, amoxicillin, or ciprofloxacin. Antibiotics are given for 3-5 days, but people with HIV infection longer require treatment to prevent recurrence.
Someone who has a Salmonella bacteria in the blood have to get antibiotics for 4-6 weeks.

Abscess treated surgically drainage (drainage, pus expenditure) and giving antibiotics for 4 weeks. Long-term antibiotics and surgery usually need to be given to patients with infectious blood vessels or heart valves.