Cholera symptoms and prevention

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine because the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera bacteria produce toxins that cause the small intestine releases large amounts of fluids that contain lots of salt and minerals. Because the bacteria are sensitive to gastric acid, gastric acid deficiency then the patient is likely to suffer from this disease.

Cholera spreads through drinking water, seafood or other foods contaminated by feces of infected people. Cholera found in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. In these areas, outbreaks usually occur during summer and a lot of attacking children. In other areas, outbreaks can occur in any season and all ages can be affected.


CAUSE
Bacterium Vibrio cholerae.


SYMPTOMS
Symptoms begin within 1-3 days after infection with the bacteria, varied-ranging from mild diarrhea to severe diarrhea without complications, which can be fatal. Some people who are infected show no symptoms. The disease usually begins with watery diarrhea such as water that occurs suddenly, without pain and vomiting. In severe cases, diarrhea causes loss of fluid to 1 liter in 1 hour. Loss of fluids and salts which cause excessive dehydration accompanied by great thirst, muscle cramps, weakness and decreased urine production.

The amount of fluid lost from the tissue causes the eyes become sunken and the skin of the fingers becomes wrinkled. If untreated, an imbalance of blood volume and increased concentration of salt can cause kidney failure, shock and coma. Symptoms usually disappear within 3-6 days. Most people will be free of this organism within 2 weeks, but some of the patients become carriers of this bacterium.


Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on symptoms. To confirm the diagnosis, examination of rectal swabs or fresh stool sample.


TREATMENT
What is important is to immediately replace lost fluids, salt and minerals from the body. For patients who experience severe dehydration, fluids given intravenously. In outbreak areas, sometimes given fluids through a tube inserted through the nose to the stomach. When dehydration has been resolved, the next goal of treatment is to replace the fluids lost through diarrhea and vomiting. Solid foods can be given after the vomiting stops and appetite had returned.

Initial treatment with tetracycline or other antibiotics can kill bacteria and usually will stop the diarrhea within 48 hours. More than 50% of patients with untreated severe cholera died. Less than 1% of patients who received adequate fluid replacement, died.


PREVENTION
Purification of water and excreta disposal reserves that meet the standards are very important in preventing the occurrence of cholera. Another effort is to drink water that has been first cooked vegetables and avoid raw or cooked fish and shellfish is not until cooked. Cholera vaccine provides only partial protection and is generally not recommended.

Tetracycline antibiotics can help prevent disease in people who share the same home furnishings with a person infected with cholera.

How to know swimmers ear Infection

Infection "swimmers ear" is an infection of the ear canal. In general if you scrape the ear will have a small bulge on your ear canal. But if you are infected with swimmer's ear, when you scrape your ears .Let's explore the types of infection in the ear that is often experienced by swimmers.

Infection "swimmers ear" also referred to as acute external otitis. Ear infections are different from ear infections in general. Usually when children are infected, we call it otitis media, which occurred in the middle ear canal. This infection often occurs when children are cold.
Infection "swimmers ear" occurs when bacteria grow in the ear canal, on the road to the ear drum area. In a rut, you will find delicate skin protected by a thin coating of earwax. Often the outgoing water can enter through the ear canal, without causing problems. Not always definitely infected, even though you shower or bath.

The bacteria will grow when the water clog the ear canal and sweeping protective coating of earwax. Too often swim can remove the protective layer and cause wet conditions in the ear canal. Bacteria grows, the ear canal becomes red and swollen. Sometimes children can be exposed to the infection, although they do not swim though. Small scratch or irritate the ear canal can also cause infection "swimmers ear".

When Ear Infection, How to Know?
Infection "swimmers ear" begins with the appearance of itching. Do not scratch because it can worsen the infection. Swelling of the ear is a common sign of infection "swimmers ear". Even touching the outside of the ear just feels sore. Because of infection, the hearing could be disrupted. This is because the swelling of the ear canal.

If your doctor diagnose you is infected, it will immediately give eardrops containing antibiotics to kill bacteria. Sometimes the doctor may use a wick. But that does not wick candles! Axis that means is that doctors put the tiny sponge on your ear. Drug has been put on the sponge and let the drug absorbed in the infected ear canal. Axis will be released after treatment ended.

Even though your ears have felt better, could have told doctors to use these drops. You see, too fast to stop treating can cause re-infection.

When Can swim again?
Questions Children want to know is "When can swim again?" You need to ask the doctor. It could be 10 days. This could be because the child will disappoint summer pass you by. However, is not it better so than the pain anymore because of recurrence of infection.

If these infections pose a problem for you, or your kids like to play water, the doctor will give advice that can protect you from the affliction. For example, he will teach parents how to suck water swimmer's ear When a problem for you or the kids always want to play water, doctors always have advice to protect you from those problems. For example, if your ears clogged water, your mother or father could have been issued in a special way to remove water that clog your ears. This is an extra step to keep your ear to be ready during the summer holidays.