What is epidermal cyst ?

epidermal cyst is a lump that develops slowly consisting of a thin sac on the skin contain ingredients such as cheese-like substance in the skin secretions.

Epidermal cysts, often wrongly referred to as sebaceous cysts, are flesh-colored with a length ranging from ½ to 2 inches across. They had to look anywhere but most commonly on the scalp, back and face. They tend to be robust and easy to move inside the skin. Cysts epiderma tasteless sick until they become infected or inflamed.


TREATMENT
Large epidermal cyst removed surgically after the anesthesia is injected into the areas that stand out. The walls are thin sacs or cysts should be completely removed will grow back. Cysts are less likely to be injected with corticosteroids if they become inflamed. Small cysts that interfere can be burned with an electric needle.


PREVENTION
Because the sun can stimulate the growth of epidermal cyst, people with light skin rather advised to avoid the sun and to use protective clothing and sunscreen.

Kidney stones causes and prevention

Kidney stones are often a frightening specter for each person. Moreover, this stone can cause kidney failure if treated too late.

Kidney stones are formed from a variety of substances. These stones are generally formed from calcium and oxalate. The amount was sometimes not just one. Could some of the stones with varying sizes. "Generally, these stones measuring between 7 to 10 cm. But there also can reach the size of 15 cm.


CAUSE
What caused the stone is still not known with certainty. There is an assumption if the diet is associated with increased risk of stone formation. For example excessive calcium intake may increase risk of kidney stones. But this is not true.

In fact there are people who are keeping the intake of calcium but still affected by kidney stones. While all those other people did not even hit mengasup calcium kidney stones.

The doctors suspect this is caused by genetic factors. Genetic abnormalities in patients who made her remove excess calcium or other substances that can form stones. So that these minerals precipitate in the kidney or in the urinary tract and into the stone.


HANDLING
Drink plenty of water is a way to help remove the stones that have broken through the urine.

If the size of the stone is too large it must be immediately removed. The way in which did not use surgery with large incisions. Nowadays stone removal can be done with laparaskopi technique, namely surgery with minimal incisions. Or it could be the technique of shock waves (ESWL), which would destroy the stone to be excreted through the urine.


PREVENTION
Although diet had little influence on the formation of kidney stones, a healthy lifestyle is recommended for every person who has been affected or not affected by kidney stones. Healthy lifestyle include diet, drink lots of water, and regular activity can prolong the process of formation and size of stones.

Cholera symptoms and prevention

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine because the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera bacteria produce toxins that cause the small intestine releases large amounts of fluids that contain lots of salt and minerals. Because the bacteria are sensitive to gastric acid, gastric acid deficiency then the patient is likely to suffer from this disease.

Cholera spreads through drinking water, seafood or other foods contaminated by feces of infected people. Cholera found in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. In these areas, outbreaks usually occur during summer and a lot of attacking children. In other areas, outbreaks can occur in any season and all ages can be affected.


CAUSE
Bacterium Vibrio cholerae.


SYMPTOMS
Symptoms begin within 1-3 days after infection with the bacteria, varied-ranging from mild diarrhea to severe diarrhea without complications, which can be fatal. Some people who are infected show no symptoms. The disease usually begins with watery diarrhea such as water that occurs suddenly, without pain and vomiting. In severe cases, diarrhea causes loss of fluid to 1 liter in 1 hour. Loss of fluids and salts which cause excessive dehydration accompanied by great thirst, muscle cramps, weakness and decreased urine production.

The amount of fluid lost from the tissue causes the eyes become sunken and the skin of the fingers becomes wrinkled. If untreated, an imbalance of blood volume and increased concentration of salt can cause kidney failure, shock and coma. Symptoms usually disappear within 3-6 days. Most people will be free of this organism within 2 weeks, but some of the patients become carriers of this bacterium.


Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on symptoms. To confirm the diagnosis, examination of rectal swabs or fresh stool sample.


TREATMENT
What is important is to immediately replace lost fluids, salt and minerals from the body. For patients who experience severe dehydration, fluids given intravenously. In outbreak areas, sometimes given fluids through a tube inserted through the nose to the stomach. When dehydration has been resolved, the next goal of treatment is to replace the fluids lost through diarrhea and vomiting. Solid foods can be given after the vomiting stops and appetite had returned.

Initial treatment with tetracycline or other antibiotics can kill bacteria and usually will stop the diarrhea within 48 hours. More than 50% of patients with untreated severe cholera died. Less than 1% of patients who received adequate fluid replacement, died.


PREVENTION
Purification of water and excreta disposal reserves that meet the standards are very important in preventing the occurrence of cholera. Another effort is to drink water that has been first cooked vegetables and avoid raw or cooked fish and shellfish is not until cooked. Cholera vaccine provides only partial protection and is generally not recommended.

Tetracycline antibiotics can help prevent disease in people who share the same home furnishings with a person infected with cholera.