What is Bacteremia symptoms ?

Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. Sepsis is an infection in the bloodstream.


CAUSE
Sepsis is the result of a bacterial infection in the human body.
Which is often a source of sepsis is an infection of the kidney, liver or gall bladder, intestines, skin (cellulitis) and lungs (pneumonia due to bacteria).

Risk factor for sepsis:

Surgery at the infected site or in the body where bacteria normally grow (eg intestine)
Insert foreign objects into the body, such as intravenous catheters, urinary catheters or tubes drainage water
The injected drug abuse
People with immune system disorders (eg due to anti-cancer therapy).


SYMPTOMS
Transient bacteremia that rarely causes symptoms because the body is usually able to eradicate a small number of bacteria immediately.

If there has been sepsis, it will arise the following symptoms:
- Fever or hypothermia (decreased body temperature)
- Hyperventilation
- Chills
- Skin felt warm
- Skin rash
- Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
- Delirious or confused
- Decreased urine production.

If not addressed, sepsis can cause infection throughout the body (metastatic infection). Infection can occur in the lining of the brain (meningitis), in the pericardium (pericarditis), in the heart (endocarditis), in the bone (osteomyelitis) and in the large joints. An abscess (collection of pus) may develop in almost all parts of the body.


Diagnosis
The diagnosis of sepsis infection is suspected when a patient suddenly experienced high fever. The number of white blood cells in the blood is usually very high. Blood culture was made to determine the organism causing the infection. However, the bacteria may not grow in blood cultures, especially if the patient received antibiotic therapy. For samples that need to be cultured from sputum, urine, wound, or from parts of the body where the catheter is inserted.


TREATMENT
Bacteremia due to surgery or catheterization of the urinary tract usually do not require treatment, provided the catheter is removed immediately. But for people at risk for the infection (patients with heart valve disease or immune system deficiencies), before undergoing surgery or catheter, is usually given antibiotics to prevent sepsis.

Sepsis is a serious problem, with a high mortality risk. Antibiotics should be given immediately even before the culture results from the laboratory. At the beginning of antibiotic based on what bacteria are often found in areas that are infected with. 2 types of antibiotics are often given to improve its ability to kill bacteria.

Then if culture results are obtained, antibiotics can be replaced with the most effective for the bacteria that cause infection. In some cases surgery is necessary to eliminate the source of infection, such as an abscess.

May need to be given supportive therapy in the form of supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids and medications to increase blood pressure. If kidney failure occurs, patients may need dialysis. In the event of respiratory failure, may need to be assisted with a ventilator machine.

What is Leukemia ?

Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells.

CAUSE
Leukemia usually affects white blood cells. The cause of most types of leukemia is unknown. Viruses cause some leukemias in animals (eg cats).

HTLV-I virus (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I), which resemble the virus that causes AIDS, is thought to cause a rare type of leukemia in humans, namely adult T-cell leukemia.

Exposure to radiation (radiation) and certain chemicals (eg benzene) and the use of anticancer drugs, increasing the risk of leukemia. People who have certain genetic disorders (eg Down's syndrome and Fanconi syndrome), are also more susceptible to leukemia.

White blood cells derived from stem cells in bone marrow. Leukemia occurs when the process of maturation of stem cells into white blood cells susceptible to interference and produces changes toward malignancy.

These changes often involve a rearrangement of parts of chromosomes (genetic material of cells is complex). Chromosomal rearrangement (translocation chromosomes) disrupt the normal control of cell division, so that cells divide uncontrollably and become malignant, eventually mastering these cells replace the bone marrow and the place of the cells that produce blood cells are normal. This cancer can also infiltrate into other organs, including liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidney, and brain.