Cystitis is an infection of the bladder. Bladder infection commonly occurs in women, especially in the reproductive period. Some women suffer from recurrent bladder infections.
CAUSE
Bacteria from the vagina can move from the urethra into the bladder. Women often suffer from bladder infections after sexual intercourse, possibly because of urethral injury during sexual intercourse. Sometimes recurrent bladder infections in women occur due to the abnormal relationship between the bladder and vagina (fistula vesicovaginal).
Bladder infections are rare in men and usually begins as an infection of the urethra that moves into the prostate and the bladder. In addition, bladder infections can occur due to catheter or device used during surgery. The most common cause of recurrent bladder infections in men are prostate infection caused by bacteria that are settled. Antibiotics will soon wipe out the bacteria from the urine in the bladder, but antibiotics can not penetrate the prostate well so it can not relieve the infection in the prostate. Therefore, if the use of antibiotics is stopped, the bacteria inside the prostate will tend to re-infect the bladder.
Abnormal relationship between the bladder and colon (fistula vesicoenteric) sometimes causes the gas-forming bacteria enter and grow in the bladder. These infections can cause air bubbles in the urine (pneumaturia).
SYMPTOMS
Bladder infections usually cause the urge to urinate and a burning sensation or pain during urination. Pain is usually felt above the pubic bone and is often also felt in the lower back. Other symptoms are nocturia (frequent urination at night). The urine looks cloudy and contain blood.
Sometimes bladder infections cause no symptoms and unknown at the time of examination of urine (urinalysis for other reasons.) Cystitis with no symptoms are especially common in the elderly, who may suffer from incontinence uri as a result.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on typical symptoms. Taken midstream urine samples (midstream), so that urine is not contaminated by bacteria from the vagina or tip of the penis. The urine is then examined under a microscope to see any red blood cells or white blood cells or other substances. And made a head count of bacteria cultured to determine the type of bacteria. If infection occurs, it is usually a type of bacteria found in significant amounts.
In men, urine flow was usually sufficient for diagnosis. In women, urine samples are sometimes contaminated by bacteria from the vagina, so that urine samples should be taken directly from the bladder using a catheter.
Other tests are performed to help establish the diagnosis of cystitis are:
- X-rays, to describe the kidneys, ureters and bladder
- Sistouretrografi, to know of any backflow of urine from the bladder and urethral stricture
- Uretrogram retrograde, to find out the narrowing, diverticula or fistula
- Cystoscopy, to see the bladder directly with fiber optics.
Showing posts with label bladder. Show all posts
Showing posts with label bladder. Show all posts
Saturday, November 12, 2011
Symptoms prevention and treatment of Interstisialis Cystitis
Interstisialis Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder that cause pain.
CAUSE
The cause is unknown because no infectious organisms found in the urine. Which is typical of this disease is often found in middle-aged women.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms include:
- Frequent urination
- Urge to urinate
- Dysuria (pain when urinating)
- Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia).
Sometimes the urine contains blood. In the end could happen bladder shrinking.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on examination results sitoscopy, which will appear to the points of bleeding in the lining of the bladder.
TREATMENT
There is no standard treatment or effective treatment for cystitis interstisialis.
Several types of treatment ever attempted in patients with cystitis interstisialis:
- Dilatation (widening) of the bladder by hydrostatic pressure (water power)
- Medications (elmiron, nalmafen)
- Anti-depression (pain relief effect)
- antispasmodic
- Klorapaktin (inserted into the bladder)
- Antibiotics (usually not much help, unless there is a bladder infection)
- DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), to reduce inflammation
- Surgery.
CAUSE
The cause is unknown because no infectious organisms found in the urine. Which is typical of this disease is often found in middle-aged women.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms include:
- Frequent urination
- Urge to urinate
- Dysuria (pain when urinating)
- Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia).
Sometimes the urine contains blood. In the end could happen bladder shrinking.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on examination results sitoscopy, which will appear to the points of bleeding in the lining of the bladder.
TREATMENT
There is no standard treatment or effective treatment for cystitis interstisialis.
Several types of treatment ever attempted in patients with cystitis interstisialis:
- Dilatation (widening) of the bladder by hydrostatic pressure (water power)
- Medications (elmiron, nalmafen)
- Anti-depression (pain relief effect)
- antispasmodic
- Klorapaktin (inserted into the bladder)
- Antibiotics (usually not much help, unless there is a bladder infection)
- DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), to reduce inflammation
- Surgery.
Sunday, October 23, 2011
Obesity increases the risk of cancer
Obesity or being overweight increases the risk of various forms of cancer. The results of a recent study released by the Lancet medical journal in London , indicating overweight can increase the risk of esophageal cancer include the bladder, uterus and esophagus.
Although studies suggest a link between excess weight with cancer risk, but there is no definite evidence that shows weight gain can lead to cancer. "To infer causality, we need to conduct further research," explains Dr. Andrew Renehen, who led the study.
The researchers compiled data from 141 studies and considered more types of cancers and more diverse population than the results of previous studies. The study includes more than 28,000 cases of cancer in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia.
The study participants were either overweight or normal weight, were followed for 9 to 15 years. Researchers observe their body mass index and mengkorelasinya with cancer cases that arise.
From the study of known weight above 15 pounds of normal weight in the male may increase the risk of kidney cancer in up to 24 percent and up to 52 percent of the esophagus. While excess weight by over 13 kilometers of normal weight among women at increased risk of cancer of the uterus and bladder up to 60 percent.
In Asian populations, there is a tighter connection between the accretion of body mass index with risk of breast cancer. Scientists do not yet have certainty how excess weight can make people susceptible to cancer.
"One hypothesis that arises is the excess fat can affect hormone levels in the body where at some level likely to trigger the growth of tumors," Renehan said.
"Simple message that can be delivered is if you manage to keep the standards of normal weight, the lower your risk of esophageal cancer," said Ed Yong of Cancer Research UK. The study, published in The Lancet was funded by the British Medical Association, University of Manchester and University of Bern, Switzerland.
Although studies suggest a link between excess weight with cancer risk, but there is no definite evidence that shows weight gain can lead to cancer. "To infer causality, we need to conduct further research," explains Dr. Andrew Renehen, who led the study.
The researchers compiled data from 141 studies and considered more types of cancers and more diverse population than the results of previous studies. The study includes more than 28,000 cases of cancer in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia.
The study participants were either overweight or normal weight, were followed for 9 to 15 years. Researchers observe their body mass index and mengkorelasinya with cancer cases that arise.
From the study of known weight above 15 pounds of normal weight in the male may increase the risk of kidney cancer in up to 24 percent and up to 52 percent of the esophagus. While excess weight by over 13 kilometers of normal weight among women at increased risk of cancer of the uterus and bladder up to 60 percent.
In Asian populations, there is a tighter connection between the accretion of body mass index with risk of breast cancer. Scientists do not yet have certainty how excess weight can make people susceptible to cancer.
"One hypothesis that arises is the excess fat can affect hormone levels in the body where at some level likely to trigger the growth of tumors," Renehan said.
"Simple message that can be delivered is if you manage to keep the standards of normal weight, the lower your risk of esophageal cancer," said Ed Yong of Cancer Research UK. The study, published in The Lancet was funded by the British Medical Association, University of Manchester and University of Bern, Switzerland.
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